All sidewalks, crosswalks and approaches hereafter constructed or repaired in streets within the city
be constructed or repaired according to the following specifications.
(a) Location, grades, widths. Sidewalks to be constructed be located one foot from the line, unless special permission is granted by Council to locate sidewalks at any other location. All sidewalks shall be upon such grade as Council direct and shall not be less than four feet in width.
(b) Filling, depth and grade. All necessary filling be made with earth free from vegetable material or refuse of any kind. It shall be deposited in layers not exceeding six inches thick and each layer shall be tamped by a hand tamper or packed by other means which will produce the same results to the established grade, allowing for the thickness of the walk to be built upon it. The fill on the top shall extend one foot in width on each side beyond the walk to be built upon it. Its sides shall be constructed with a slope of not less than one and one-half feet horizontal to one foot vertical. No walk shall be constructed upon the fill until the earth is sufficiently compact to prevent settlement.
(c) Unsuitable filling. Any soft material subject to shrinkage or decay, trees under six inches in diameter, or other unsuitable material designated by the Director of Public Works, be removed and the space backfilled with well-tamped earth.
(d) Tree removal. All trees which are on the line of the work, or which interfere with the proper placing of the , and which require moving, will be removed by the city at the expense of the person adjacent to whose the is to be constructed.
(e) Cuts. When cuts are necessary, the earth or other material be excavated to such width that the bottom of the excavation shall be at least one foot wider on each side than the width of the walk to be built upon it, and the sides shall, where possible, slope two feet horizontal to one foot vertical. Excavated material shall be removed from the site of the work, and any excess of excavation over fill shall be disposed of by the builder. The bottom of the cut shall be tamped, provided it is not sufficiently firm.
(f) Material required. Walks be constructed of cement concrete.
(g) Forms.
(1) The forms for the concrete
be smooth, free from warp, of sufficient strength to resist springing out of shape and of a depth to conform to the thickness of the proposed walk. The divider plates shall be removed from forms that have been previously used.
(2) The forms
preferably be of steel and must be well staked and set to the established lines, their upper edges conforming to the grade of the finished walk, which walk shall have a fall towards the gutter of one-quarter of an inch to one foot.
(3) The base
be blocked out in sections which will not measure more than four feet in any dimension, and in any given walk such sections are to be uniformly spaced.
(4) The divider plates
be made of steel not less than one-eighth of an inch in thickness of a depth to correspond to the thickness of the proposed walk, shall extend the full width of the walk and shall be set at right angles to the side forms. They shall be left in place until the surface coat is floated.
(h) Expansion joints. On concrete walks, three-quarter inch expansion joints composed of some asphaltic composition satisfactory to Council be placed between curbs and walks at all points where they meet and in intermediate joints at distances not to exceed 80 feet. These joints are to be flush with the wearing surface and are to extend for the full depth of the walk.
(i) Mixing and placing concrete.
(1) All concrete
be mixed with a batch mixer of an approved type except where the Director of Public Works
deem it necessary or expedient to mix by hand methods. In the event hand mixing is resorted to, it shall be done only as directed by the Director, in writing.
(2) Water
be used in sufficient quantities to obtain concrete which will hold its shape when struck off with a template. In no case shall such concrete be wet enough to cause a separation of materials.
(3) Concrete
be placed in such manner as to produce a dense homogeneous mass. It shall be puddled, sliced or tamped with proper tools for such purpose while being deposited.
(4) Special care must be exercised in reinforced concrete work not to distort or displace any reinforcing steel during concreting.
(5) No used concrete or retempering of concrete which has partially set will be allowed either by the addition of water or by mixing it with other materials.
(6) Concrete shall not be mixed or deposited when the temperature is below 40°F, unless special precautions, subject to the approval of the Director, are taken to avoid the use of materials containing frost and to keep the work protected until thoroughly hardened.
(7) In warm weather, walks
be protected from the sun by a covering and shall be kept moist by sprinkling for at least four days. At least once on small areas, and at least every 50 feet on long stretches, suitable nameplates or dies shall be used to mark the name of the builder employed on the work and the date the work was done.
(j) Quantities of cement required.
(1) For a one course walk, the minimum amount of cement required for the concrete is one barrel of cement for each 60 square feet of four-inch
.
(2) For two course walks, the minimum amount of cement required for the concrete is one barrel for each 100 square feet of base course, and one barrel for each 100 square feet of top. In no case
the builders use less than these amounts of cement in
construction. In the event that less cement than the above requirement is used in any walk constructed, the builder
be required to tear out the walk and replace it with a walk containing the proper amount of cement as required herein. Due allowance will be made for any waste in mixing and placing concrete in forms.
(k) Gravel. Clean, hard, washed gravel, free from soft, porous particles, clay, silt or vegetable matter, be used which may be finished to leave a reasonably smooth and nonporous surface.
(l) Base course.
(1) A two course concrete
consist of a bottom course three inches thick under a wearing or top course of cement mortar one inch thick.
(2) The base
be mixed in a batch mixer in the proportion of one part by volume of cement to six parts by volume of well graded bank-run gravel, free from clay, loam or vegetable matter as herein specified. In preparing concrete for the base, cement and gravel shall be measured separately and then mixed thoroughly while dry.
(3) After being mixed dry, sufficient water
be added to obtain the desired consistency and the mixing shall be continued until the materials are uniformly distributed and each particle of the same is thoroughly coated with cement. All concrete shall be mixed for not less than 50 seconds after the addition of water.
(4) The consistency of the mixture
be such that the mortar, composed of cement and the fine material, adheres to the pebbles, and such that under heavy tamping, a small amount of water will flush to the surface.
(5) The concrete
be deposited in such quantities that after being thoroughly rammed into place, it will be three inches in thickness and the upper surface shall be true, uniform, parallel to and one inch below the surface of the finished work.
(6) Concrete must be conveyed from the place of mixing and placed in such manner and so handled after depositing it that the concrete will be of uniform composition throughout, showing no lack or excess of mortar in any place.
(m) Wearing surface.
(1) The wearing surface
be composed of one part by volume of cement to two parts by volume of clean sand screened through a one-quarter inch screen, not more than 5% of which shall pass a
100 sieve. The sand and cement shall be mixed thoroughly while dry and then sufficient water added while the mixing is continued to produce a mortar of a consistency which can be easily spread into position with a straight edge. The mortar shall be spread on the base immediately after mixing and before the base has obtained its initial set.
(2) After the wearing surface has been worked to an approximately true plane, the slab marking
be made directly over the joints in the base. Such marking shall be made with a tool which will cut entirely through and completely separate the surface of adjacent slabs.
(3) The slabs
be rounded on all surface edges to a radius of about one-half of an inch.
(4) The surface
be troweled smooth and shall then be lightly brushed with a stiff brush or broom. The application of neat cement in the surface in order to hasten hardening is prohibited.
(n) Faulty materials.
(1) No materials of any sort not approved by Council are to be used in any part of the work.
(2) All cement used
be some recognized brand of cement that has proven satisfactory and shall comply with the latest specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials.
(3) The right is hereby reserved to inspect and test cement at any time that Council deems it advisable to make such tests. If, in the short period tests, it appears that a certain shipment of cement is not up to the desired standard, no cement from this lot
be used until the time necessary to complete the tests requiring more time has elapsed. If, after these tests have been made, it still appears that the cement is not satisfactory, then any part of this cement on the job shall be hauled away and disposed of in some manner which will insure its not being used in any part of the work. Lumps of cement are to be thrown out in all cases. They shall not be used either as lumps or by attempting to pulverize them.
(o) Walks across driveways. All sidewalks constructed, reconstructed or repaired which cross existing or proposed driveways shall be built six inches in thickness and the concrete used be of the same mixture as specified for other walks.
(p) Grades; permits required.
(1) All sidewalks, crosswalks and approaches hereafter constructed or repaired in streets within the city
be upon such grade and line as shall be established by Council.
(2) All joints and edges
be finished with tools for that purpose. In the case of walks on slopes greater than one-half inch per foot, grooving or brooming or checking the top surface shall be done as directed by the Director of Public Works.
(3) No such construction, reconstruction or repair work
be commenced until after a permit has been obtained from Council.
(q) Approaches. For the purpose of this chapter, APPROACHES be taken to mean either driveways or sidewalks built on the between the gutter line and the line, or other miscellaneous construction of a similar nature within the limits of the public streets and highways.
(r) Crosswalks. All crosswalks be built and kept in repair by the city under the direction of Council and shall be not less than four feet wide and of such material as heretofore specified. The expense of building and repairing crosswalks shall be paid out of the General Highway or Street Fund.
(s) Permitted contractors.
(1) All sidewalks
be built:
A. By the city by the direct employment of labor and the purchase of materials;
B. By private contract under the supervision of, and with an inspection by, the city; or
C. By bonded
contractors as hereinafter noted, under the direction of Council.
(2) The construction of walks through the city
be undertaken by the employment of labor and purchase of materials by the
, provided that a full-time city inspector is employed on the job to check, supervise and inspect the work and provided that all expense of employing such inspector is paid by the
.
(Ord. 20, passed 5-25-1949)