(A) After holding an abandoned motor vehicle for 30 days after the day the vehicle is removed, or after holding a junked motor vehicle for 15 days, the county may sell or dispose of it as provided in this section.
(1) Enforcement by sale.
(a) If the charges for which the lien is claimed under this section remain unpaid or unsatisfied for 30 days following the maturity of the obligation to pay any such charges, or, in the case of towing and storage charges on a motor vehicle, 10 days following the maturity of the obligation to pay any such charges, the lienor may enforce the lien by public or private sale as provided in this section. The lienor may bring an action on the debt in any court of competent jurisdiction at any time following maturity of the obligation. Failure of the lienor to bring the action within a 180-day period following the commencement of storage shall constitute a waiver of any right to collect storage charges which accrue after the period. Provided, that when property is placed in storage pursuant to an express contract of storage, the lien shall continue and the lienor may bring an action to collect storage charges and enforce his or her lien at any time within 120 days following default on the obligation to pay storage charges.
(b) The owner or person with whom the lienor dealt may at any time following the maturity of the obligation bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction as by law provided. If in any such action the owner or other party requests immediate possession of the property and pays the amount of the lien asserted into the Clerk of the Court in which the action is pending, the Clerk shall issue an order to the lienor to relinquish possession of the property to the owner or other party. The request for immediate possession may be made in the complaint, which shall also set forth the amount of the asserted lien and the portion thereof which is not in dispute, if any. If within 3 days after service of the summons and complaint, as the number of days is computed in G.S. 1A-1, Rule 6, the lienor does not file a contrary statement of the amount of the lien at the time of the filing of the complaint, the amount set forth in the complaint shall be deemed to be the amount of the asserted lien. The Clerk may at any time disburse to the lienor that portion of the cash bond, which the plaintiff says in his or her complaint is not in dispute, upon application of the lienor. The magistrate or judge shall direct appropriate disbursement of the disputed or undisbursed portion of the bond in the judgment of the court. In the event an action by the owner pursuant to this section is heard in district or superior court, the substantially prevailing party in such court may be awarded a reasonable attorney’s fee in the discretion of the judge.
(2) Notice and hearings.
(a) If the property upon which the lien is claimed is a motor vehicle that is required to be registered, the lienor following the expiration of the relevant time period provided by subdivision (1) shall give notice to the Division of Motor Vehicles that a lien is asserted and sale is proposed and shall remit to the Division a fee of $10. The Division of Motor Vehicles shall issue notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the person having legal title to the property, if reasonably ascertainable, to the person with whom the lienor dealt if different, and to each secured party and other person claiming an interest in the property who is actually known to the Division or who can be reasonably ascertained. The notice shall state that a lien has been asserted against specific property and shall identify the lienor, the date that the lien arose, the general nature of the services performed and materials used or sold for which the lien is asserted, the amount of the lien, and that the lienor intends to sell the property in satisfaction of the lien. The notice shall inform the recipient that the recipient has the right to a judicial hearing at which time a determination will be made as to the validity of the lien prior to a sale taking place. The notice shall further state that the recipient has a period of 10 days from the date of receipt in which to notify the Division by certified mail, return receipt requested, that a hearing is desired and that if the recipient wishes to contest the sale of his property pursuant to the lien, the recipient should notify the Division that a hearing is desired and the Division shall notify lienor. The notice shall state the required information in simplified terms and shall contain a form whereby the recipient may notify the Division that a hearing is desired by the return of the form to the Division. If the certified mail notice has been returned as undeliverable and the notice of a right to a judicial hearing has been given to the owner of the motor vehicle in accordance with G.S. § 20-28.4, no further notice is required. Failure of the recipient to notify the Division within 10 days of the receipt of such notice that a hearing is desired shall be deemed a waiver of the right to a hearing prior to the sale of the property against which the lien is asserted, the Division shall notify the lienor, and the lienor may proceed to enforce the lien by public or private sale as provided in this section and the Division shall transfer title to the property pursuant to the sale. If the Division is notified within the 10-day period provided above that a hearing is desired prior to sale, the lien may be enforced by sale as provided in this section and the Division will transfer title only pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction.
(b) 1. If the certified mail notice has been returned as undeliverable, or if the name of the person having legal title to the vehicle cannot reasonably be ascertained and the fair market value of the vehicle is less than $800, the lienor may institute a special proceeding in the county where the vehicle is being held, for authorization to sell that vehicle. Market value shall be determined by the schedule of values adopted by the Commissioner under G.S. § 105-187.3.
2. In such a proceeding a lienor may not include more than 10 vehicles, but the proceeds of the sale of each shall be subject only to valid claims against that vehicle, and any excess proceeds of the sale shall be paid immediately to the Treasurer for disposition pursuant to G.S. Ch. 116B.
(c) The application to the clerk in such a special proceeding shall contain the notice of sale information set out in subdivision (6) hereof. If the application is in proper form the Clerk shall enter an order authorizing the sale on a date not less than 14 days therefrom, and the lienor shall cause the application and order to be sent immediately by first-class mail pursuant to G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 5, to each person to whom the Division has mailed notice pursuant to this subdivision. Following the authorized sale the lienor shall file with the Clerk a report in the form of an affidavit, stating that the lienor has complied with the public or private sale provisions of G.S. § 44A-4, the name, address, and bid of the high bidder or person buying at a private sale, and a statement of the disposition of the sale proceeds. The clerk then shall enter an order directing the Division to transfer title accordingly.
(d) If prior to the sale the owner or legal possessor contests the sale or lien in a writing filed with the Clerk, the proceeding shall be handled in accordance with G.S. § 1-301.2.
(e) If the property upon which the lien is claimed is other than a motor vehicle required to be registered, the lienor following the expiration of the 30-day period provided by subdivision (1) shall issue notice to the person having legal title to the property; if reasonably ascertainable, and to the person with whom the lienor dealt if different by certified mail, return receipt requested. The notice shall state that a lien has been asserted against specific property and shall identify the lienor, the date that the lien arose, the general nature of the services performed and materials used or sold for which the lien is asserted, the amount of the lien, and that the lienor intends to sell the property in satisfaction of the lien. The notice shall inform the recipient that the recipient has the right to a judicial hearing at which time a determination will be made as to the validity of the lien prior to a sale taking place. The notice shall further state that the recipient has a period of 10 days from the date of receipt in which to notify the lienor by certified mail, return receipt requested, that a hearing is desired and that if the recipient wishes to contest the sale of his or her property pursuant to the lien, the recipient should notify the lienor that a hearing is desired. The notice shall state the required information in simplified terms and shall contain a form whereby the recipient may notify the lienor that a hearing is desired by the return of the form to the lienor. Failure of the recipient to notify the lienor within 10 days of the receipt of the notice that a hearing is desired shall be deemed a waiver of the right to a hearing prior to sale of the property against which the lien is asserted and the lienor may proceed to enforce the lien by public or private sale as provided in this section. If the lienor is notified within the 10-day period provided above that a hearing is desired prior to sale, the lien may be enforced by sale as provided in this section only pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction.
(3) Private sale. Sale by private sale may be made in any manner that is commercially reasonable. If the property upon which the lien is claimed is a motor vehicle, the sale may not be made until notice is given to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles pursuant to G.S. § 20-114(c). Not less than 30 days prior to the date of the proposed private sale, the lienor shall cause notice to be mailed, as provided in division (A)(6) hereof, to the person having legal title to the property, if reasonably ascertainable, to the person with whom the lienor dealt if different, and to each secured party or other person claiming an interest in the property who is actually known to the lienor or can be reasonably ascertained. Notices provided pursuant to division (A)(2) hereof shall be sufficient for these purposes if the notices contain the information required by division (A)(6) hereof. The lienor shall not purchase, directly or indirectly, the property at private sale and such a sale to the lienor shall be voidable.
(4) Request for public sale. If an owner, the person with whom the lienor dealt, any secured party, or other person claiming an interest in the property notifies the lienor prior to the date upon or after which the sale by private sale is proposed to be made, that public sale is requested, sale by private sale shall not be made. After request for public sale is received, notice of public sale must be given as if no notice of sale by private sale had been given.
(5) Public sale.
(a) Not less than 20 days prior to sale by public sale the lienor:
1. Shall notify the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles as provided in G.S. § 20-114(c) if the property upon which the lien is claimed is a motor vehicle; and
2. Shall cause notice to be mailed to the person having legal title to the property if reasonably ascertainable, to the person with whom the lienor dealt if different, and to each secured party or other person claiming an interest in the property who is actually known to the lienor or can be reasonably ascertained, provided that notices provided pursuant to division (A)(2) hereof shall be sufficient for these purposes if the notices contain the information required by division (A)(6) hereof; and
3. Shall advertise the sale by posting a copy of the notice of sale at the courthouse door in the county where the sale is to be held; and shall publish notice of sale once a week for 2 consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the same county, the date of the last publication being not less than 5 days prior to the sale. The notice of sale need not be published if the vehicle has a market value of less $3,500, as determined by the schedule of values adopted by the Commissioner under G.S. § 105-187.3.
(b) A public sale must be held on a day other than Sunday and between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.:
1. In any county where any part of the contract giving rise to the lien was performed;
2. In the county where the obligation secured by the lien was contracted for; or
(c) A lienor may purchase at public sale.
(6) Notice of sale. The notice of sale shall include:
(a) The name and address of the lienor;
(b) The name of the person having legal title to the property if such person can be reasonably ascertained and the name of the person with whom the lienor dealt;
(c) A description of the property;
(d) The amount due for which the lien is claimed;
(e) The place of the sale; and
(f) If a private sale the date upon or after which the sale is proposed to be made, of if a public sale the date and hour when the sale is to be held.
(7) Damages for noncompliance. If the lienor fails to comply substantially with any of the provisions of this section, the lienor shall be liable to the person having legal title to the property or any other party injured by the noncompliance in the sum of $100, together with a reasonable attorney’s fee as awarded by the court. Damages provided by this section shall be in addition to actual damages to which any party is otherwise entitled.
(G.S. § 44A-4)
(B) The proceeds of the sale shall be applied as follows:
(1) Payment of reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the sale; (Expenses of sale include, but are not limited to reasonable storage and boarding expenses after giving notice of sale.)
(2) Payment of the obligation secured by the lien; and
(3) Any surplus shall be paid to the person entitled thereto; but when the person cannot be found, the surplus shall be paid to the Clerk of Superior Court of the county in which the sale took place, to be held by the Clerk for the person entitled thereto.
(G.S. § 44A-5)
(C) A purchaser for value at a properly conducted sale, and a purchaser for value without constructive notice of a defect in the sale, whether or not the purchaser is the lienor or an agent of the lienor, acquires title to the property free of any interests over which the lienor was entitled to priority.
(G.S. § 44A-6)
(Prior Code, § 90.07)