(A) Generally.
(1) In all districts, there shall be provided at the time any building, structure or use is established, enlarged or increased in capacity, off-street parking spaces for motor vehicles with the requirements herein specified. Such off-street parking spaces shall be maintained, and shall not be encroached upon by structures or other uses so long as the principal building, structure or use remains, unless an equivalent number of such spaces are provided elsewhere in conformance with this chapter. Access routes shall be limited and defined.
(2) Plans and specifications showing required off-street parking spaces, including the means of access and interior circulation, shall be submitted to the Zoning Inspector for review at the time of application for a zoning compliance permit for the erection or enlargement of a building.
(3) The Planning Commission may, at its sole discretion alter the requirements set forth herein, provided that the owner applies to the Planning Commission showing good cause why these requirements should be altered.
(B) Off-street parking. Where required:
(1) Off-street parking for motor vehicles shall be provided as herein prescribed for the use of occupants, employees and patrons of a principal use hereafter erected, altered or expanded after the effective date of this chapter. Required off-street parking shall be maintained so long as the principal use remains, unless an equivalent number of such paces are provided elsewhere in conformance with this chapter.
(2) No off-street parking, which exists at the time this chapter becomes effective or which is provided for the purpose of complying with provisions of this chapter, shall thereafter be reduced below the requirements established by this chapter.
(a) Parking and vehicle storage restrictions.
1. Residential districts.
a. Overnight parking of motor vehicles in residential districts shall be limited to passenger vehicles, and not more than one commercial vehicle of the light delivery type, not to exceed one ton shall be permitted per dwelling unit. The parking of any other type of commercial vehicle, except for those parked on school or church property, is prohibited in a residential zone.
b. Private or commercially owned semi-trucks or motor vehicles or a combination of both are not allowed to park at any time, including overnight parking in a residential district. Parking of these vehicles will be allowed only in commercial or industrial districts. Short time parking such as for deliveries and moving vans is allowed.
2. Commercial and industrial districts.
a. The requirements for off-street parking is not intended to provide for the storage of vehicles or prolonged parking in any such parking area.
b. Parking or storage of trucks over one ton and semi-trailers, except those owned and operated by the principal use of the lot, shall be prohibited for a period of more than 72 hours in a month.
c. The only exception to this requirement shall be vehicle storage space used in connection with or relation to a motor vehicle repair use shall be exempt from these provisions.
d. In commercial districts, the temporary use of storage trailer shall be allowed pending construction of a permanent storage structure; providing, however, that temporary storage may take place only after a building permit has been taken out for the permanent storage structure, and the temporary use of a storage trailer shall terminate upon completion of the storage structure or the expiration of the building permit, whichever first occurs.
3. All districts.
a. Storage of products, materials or equipment in semi-trailers shall be prohibited in any zoning district, except in the AG-1 and I Districts.
b. Sales of products, merchandise or other materials from semi-trailers shall be prohibited in any zoning district.
4. Recreational vehicles. Rear yards only.
(b) Location of parking. Required off-street parking facilities shall be located on the same lot as the principal building or on a lot within 300 feet thereof except that the distance shall not exceed 100 feet for any dwelling unit. This distance specified shall be measured from the nearest point of the parking facility to the nearest point of the building or use that such facility is required to serve.
(c) Required screening. Off-street parking which will abut residentially zoned or used property shall be screened by a six-foot fence or other material so as to hide and buffer the residential use from the parking lot.
(d) Determining requirements. For the purpose of determining off-street parking requirements, the following units of measurement shall apply.
1. Floor area. In the case where floor area is the unit for determining the required number of off-street parking spaces, said unit shall mean the gross floor area, except that such floor area need not include any area used for parking within the principal building and need not include any area used for incidental service storage, installations of mechanical equipment, penthouse housing ventilators and heating systems, and similar uses.
2. Employees. For requirements stated in terms of employees, the calculation shall be based upon the maximum number of employees likely to be on the premises during the largest shift.
3. Places of assembly. In stadiums, sports arenas, churches and other places of assembly in which those in attendance occupy benches, pews or other similar seating facilities shall be counted as one seat. In cases where a place of assembly has both fixed seats and open assembly area, requirements shall be computed separately for each type and added together.
4. Fractions. When units of measurement determining the number of required parking spaces result in requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including one-half shall be disregarded and fractions over one-half shall require one parking space.
(e) Off-street parking requirements.
1. Generally. Any use which requires a site plan under the provisions of § 154.101 shall comply with the provisions of this section. The amount of required off-street parking spaces for new uses or building, and additions to existing buildings shall be determined in accordance with the schedule set forth in division (B)(2)(f). Where multiple uses occur, parking shall be calculated on the basis of each use.
2. Similar uses and requirements. When a use is not specifically mentioned, the requirements of off-street parking for a similar use shall apply.
(f) Schedule of off-street parking requirements.
Use | Required Number of Parking Spaces per Each Unit of Measurement as Follows |
Use | Required Number of Parking Spaces per Each Unit of Measurement as Follows |
Automotive Uses | |
Auto sales | 1 per each 200 sq. ft. of showroom floor, plus 3 per each service stall |
Automobile repair, facilities including collision and bump shops | 3 per each service stall, 1 per each service vehicle |
Automobile service station with convenience store | 1 per pump unit, plus 3 per service stall, plus 1 per each 100 sq. ft. of floor area devoted to retail sales and customer service |
Automobile service stations without convenience store | 1 per pump unit, plus 3 per each service stall |
Automobile washes (automatic) | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of floor area of customer waiting and service area, plus 1 for each vacuum station |
Automobile washes (self-serve) | 1 parking space for each 800 sq. ft., plus 1 space for each employee per shift |
General Commercial Uses | |
Convenience stores | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of floor area |
Fast food restaurants | 1 per each 75 sq. ft. of floor area |
Furniture, appliances, hardware and household equipment sales | 1 per each 300 sq. ft. of floor area |
Garden stores, building material sales, and open air businesses | 1 per each 400 sq. ft. of building floor area devoted to sales and display, plus 1 per each 1,500 sq. ft. of warehouse floor area, plus 1 per each 1,000 sq. ft. of lot area used for open air display and sales |
Motels and hotels, lodging houses and boarding houses | 1.5 per each guest bedroom, plus amount required for accessory uses such as a restaurant or cocktail lounge |
Movie theaters | 1 per each 3 seats based on the maximum seating capacity |
Planned shopping center | 1 per 100 sq. ft. of floor area for the first 15,000 sq. ft., plus 1 per 150 sq. ft. of floor area in excess of 15,000 sq. ft. |
Retail stores, except as otherwise specified herein | 1 per 100 sq. ft. of floor area |
Sit down restaurants | 1 per each two seats, based on maximum seating capacity |
Supermarkets, drugstores and other self-serve retail establishments | 1 per 150 sq. ft. of floor area |
Taverns and cocktail lounges (other than fast food restaurants) | 1 per each 2 persons allowed within maximum occupancy load as established by Fire And/or Building Codes |
Industrial Uses | |
Contractors’ office | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of office floor area, plus 1 per 1,500 sq. ft. of warehouse floor area, plus 1 per each vehicle or item of equipment stored outside of the building |
Industrial, manufacturing or research establishments | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of office floor area, plus 1 per each 500 sq. ft. of floor area |
Warehouses and wholesale | 1 per each 200 sq. ft. of floor area, plus 1 per each 1,500 sq. ft. of floor area |
Institutional Uses | |
Child care, group day care homes, and nursery schools | 1 per each administrative and staff member, plus 1 per each 4 students of licensed capacity |
Churches | 1 per each 3 seats based on maximum seating capacity in the main place of assembly therein, plus 5 per each classroom |
Convalescent homes, homes for the aged, nursing homes, children's homes | 1 per each administrative, professional and staff member, plus 1 per each 5 beds |
Elementary school | 1 per each administrative and staff member, plus 2 per each classroom |
High schools, trade schools, colleges and universities | 1 per each administrative and staff member, plus 8 per each classroom |
Hospitals | 1 per each administrative, professional and staff member, plus 1 per each 3 beds |
Junior high school | 1 per each administrative and staff member, plus 2 per each classroom |
Libraries and museums | 1 per each 200 sq. ft. of floor area, plus 1 per each employee |
Private clubs and lodges | 1 per each 3 individual members allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by Fire And/or Building Codes |
Stadiums, sports arenas and auditoriums | 1 per each 4 seats based on maximum seating capacity |
Office and Service Uses | |
Banks | 1 per each 200 sq. ft. of floor area |
Barber and beauty shops | 3 per each chair |
Business and professional offices | 1 per each 200 sq. ft. of floor area |
Funeral homes | 1 per each 3 persons allowed with maximum occupancy load as established by Fire And/or Building Codes |
Medical and dental office | 1 per each 150 sq. ft. of floor area |
Recreational Uses | |
Assembly halls other than schools | 1 space for each 6 persons permitted in such edifice as determined in the capacity limitations thereof, by the Fire Marshal |
Bowling alleys | 4 per bowling lane, plus amount required for accessory uses such as a restaurant or cocktail lounge |
Equestrian training facilities | 1 per each 2 stalls plus 1 per each employee |
Golf course | 5 per each hole, plus amount required for accessory uses such as restaurant or cocktail lounge |
Private tennis, swim or golf clubs, or other similar uses | 1 per each 3 persons allowed with maximum occupancy load as established by Fire And/or Building Codes |
Residential Uses | |
Mobile home park | 2 per each mobile home site, plus 1 per each 5 dwelling units |
Multiple-family dwelling | 2 per each dwelling, plus 1 per 5 dwelling units |
One- or two-family dwelling unit | 2 per each dwelling unit |
Senior citizen housing | 1.5 per each dwelling unit |
(g) Off-street parking design and construction.
1. All parking lots, maneuvering lanes, driveways, or loading areas required for uses other than single or two-family residences shall be hard surfaced with asphalt or concrete and shall be completed prior to a certificate of occupancy being issued. The Planning Commission shall have the discretion of waiving certain hard surface paving requirements provided the following conditions are met:
a. The proposed driveways, loading, turn around or storage areas will receive only limited use and are not used for employee parking, customer parking or primary access;
b. Gravel surfacing and potential problems arising from dust or scattered gravel shall not impact neighboring properties; and
c. Hard surfacing will significantly increase storm water runoff and create a potential for flooding and/or soil erosion.
2. Ingress and egress to the parking lot shall be provided by limited and clearly defined drives. All internal access drives and/or maneuvering lanes which provide the principal means of access for emergency vehicles to the site and/or buildings shall be a minimum of 22 feet in width.
3. Wheel stops or curbing shall be provided to prevent any vehicle from encroaching upon pedestrian walkways or damaging required landscaping.
4. Access to parking spaces shall be designed so as not to obstruct free flow of traffic. There shall be adequate provision for ingress to and egress from all parking spaces to ensure ease of ability, ample clearance and safety of vehicles and pedestrians.
5. Plans for layout of automobile off street parking facilities shall be in accordance with the following minimum regulations.
Maneuvering Lane Width | Parking Space Dimension Regular Car | |||
Parking Patter (in degrees) | One-Way | Two-Way | Width | Length |
0 parallel | 12 ft. | 20 ft. | 9 ft. | 24 ft. |
30—53 | 12 ft. | 20 ft. | 9 ft. | 18 ft. |
54—74 | 15 ft. | 22 ft. | 9 ft. | 18 ft. |
75—90 | 20 ft. | 22 ft. | 9 ft. | 18 ft. |
6. In addition to parking required for passenger vehicles set forth in division (B)(2)(g)5. above, off-street parking for buses, trucks and recreational vehicles at restaurants, service stations and similar establishments shall be of sufficient size to adequately service such vehicles and not interfere with other vehicles that use the same facilities. Such space shall not be less than ten feet in width and 55 feet in length. Upon review of the site plan, the Planning Commission shall determine if separate truck and recreational vehicle parking is required for the proposed use.
7. In addition to parking required for passenger vehicles set forth in division (B)(2)(g)5. above, off-street parking facilities shall be designed in accordance with applicable state and/or federal standards.
8. There shall be provided sufficient pedestrian walkways to assure pedestrian safety from parking spaces to use structures.
9. All off-street parking spaces shall not be closer than five feet to any property line, except where a wall, fence or compact planting strip exists as a parking barrier along the property line. In the case of abutting commercial properties, a single five-foot space is acceptable.
10. All off-street parking areas shall be drained so as to prevent drainage to abutting properties and shall be constructed of materials which will have a dust free surface resistant to erosion.
11. Any lighting fixtures used to illuminate any off-street parking area shall be so arranged as to reflect the light away from any adjoin residential or institutional premises or public roadways.
12. Any off-street parking area providing space from five or more vehicles shall be effectively screened on any side which adjoins or faces property adjoining a residential lot or institution, by a wall, fence or compact planting not less than four feet in height. Plantings shall be maintained in good condition and not encroach on adjoining property.
13. All off-street parking areas that make it necessary for vehicles to back out directly into a public road is prohibited, provided that this prohibition shall not apply to off-street parking areas of one- or two-family dwellings.
(h) Collective parking. Requirements for the provision of parking facilities with respect to two or more property uses of the same or different types may be satisfied if the permanent allocation of the requisite number of spaces designated is not less than the sum of individual requirements.
(C) Off-street parking loading and unloading. In connection with every building, structure or use hereafter erected, except single- and two-family dwelling unit structures, which customarily receive or distribute material or merchandise by vehicle, there shall be provided on the same lot with such buildings, off-street loading and unloading space.
(1) Off-street loading requirements.
(a) On the same premises as may be used which involves the receipt or distribution of vehicles, material or merchandise, adequate space shall be provided and maintained for standing, loading and unloading of delivery vehicles in order to avoid interference with or congestion of adjacent streets, neighboring sites or off-parking facilities. The required number of loading spaces shall be determined by the Planning Commission at the time of site plan review.
(b) Such loading and unloading space, unless completely and adequately provided for within a building, shall be an area ten feet by 55 feet, with 15-foot height clearance sufficient to accommodate vehicles using the loading space.
(c) Loading and unloading space provided by truck wells located below surface grade shall be of sufficient width to accommodate truck maneuvering but shall be no less than ten by 55 feet. Exposed sides shall be protected by iron railings or guard rails. Drainage shall be provided to prevent the collection of storm water at the bottom of the truck well.
(2) Off-street loading space area. Off-street loading space areas shall not be counted toward supplying off-street parking.
(3) Off-street loading and unloading facilities. All off-street loading and unloading facilities that make it necessary to back out directly into a public road shall be prohibited.
(D) Off-street loading area space requirements.
(1) In the case of mixed uses on one lot or parcel, the total requirements for off-street loading/unloading facilities shall be the sum of the various uses computed separately.
(2) All retail sales facilities having over 5,000 square feet of gross floor area shall be provided with at least one off-street loading/unloading space, and for every additional 20,000 square feet of gross floor space or fraction thereof, one additional loading/unloading space.
(3) All industrial and wholesale commercial land uses shall provide one loading space for each 10,000 square feet of floor space, with a minimum of not less than two loading spaces.
(E) Off-street drive-through and waiting space.
(1) In addition to meeting off-street parking requirements, all uses which provide drive-through facilities for serving customers within their automobile shall provide adequate off-street stacking space within a defined space staking lane which meets the following requirements.
(a) Each stacking lane shall be one way and a minimum of 12 feet in width.
(b) Clear identification and delineation between the drive-through facility and parking lot shall be provided. Drive-through facilities shall be designed in a manner which promotes pedestrian and vehicular safety.
(c) Each drive-through facility shall have an escape lane to allow other vehicles to pass those waiting to be served.
(d) The number of stacking spaces per service land shall be provided for the uses listed below. Each stacking space shall be computed on the basis of 20 feet in length. When a use is not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street stacking for the similar use shall apply.
Use | Stacking Space for Service Lane |
Use | Stacking Space for Service Lane |
Auto washes (automatic) | |
Entry | 12 |
Exit | 2 |
Auto washes (self-service) | |
Entry | 3 |
Exit | 1 |
Banks, photo service, dry cleaning | 4 |
Fast-food restaurants | 6 |
(2) Uses such as day care, schools, hospitals, nursing homes and churches shall provide a safe and efficient means for passengers to be dropped off and picked up. Such off-street waiting spaces shall be clearly marked so as to ensure the safety of pedestrians and motorists.
(F) Site access control.
(1) Compliance. All sites shall comply with the minimum street frontage and access requirements and § 154.044.
(2) General provisions. All principal permitted and conditional uses that are subject to site plan review shall meet requirements contained in this section. Access to public roads shall be controlled in the interest of public safety. Each building or group of buildings used for nonresidential purposes, and its parking or service area, shall be physically separated from public roads by a curb, or other suitable barrier against channeled motor vehicle access, except as authorized herein.
(3) Driveway performance standards. Driveways shall conform to standards adopted by the County Road Commission, and the following additional standards.
(a) Driveway design and placement must be compatible with internal circulation and parking design such that the entrance can absorb the maximum rate of inbound traffic during a normal weekday peak traffic period.
(b) There must be sufficient on-site stacking to accommodate vehicles waiting to park or exit without using any portion of the public right-of-way, obstructing existing vehicle sight distance or otherwise interfering with street traffic.
(c) Provisions for circulation between adjacent parcels are encouraged through coordinated or joint parking systems.
(d) Driveways shall be designed to accommodate all vehicle types having occasion to enter and exit the site, including delivery vehicles. There shall be clear delineation of entry and exit lanes within driveways.
(e) Driveway design and location shall ensure that loading and unloading activities shall not hinder ingress or egress.
(f) Driveway design and location shall meet the sight distance requirements of the Jackson County Road Commission.
(4) Driveway spacing. Driveway spacing will be determined according to the standards adopted by the County Road Commission.
(5) Traffic impact analysis. The township may require a traffic impact analysis in order to analyze the effect of development upon existing street traffic. The traffic impact analysis shall examine existing and proposed traffic flows, trip generation studies, impacts on major intersections, turning movement analysis, roadway capacity, parking generation and site ingress/egress. The traffic impact analysis shall be prepared by a registered professional engineer.
(Ord. 1, passed 11-13-2000, § 5.1)