There shall be provided in all districts, at the time of erection or enlargement of any main building or structure, automobile off-street parking space with adequate access to all spaces. The number of off-street parking spaces in conjunction with all land or building uses shall be provided, prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, as hereinafter regulated.
(a) Off-street parking for other than residential use shall be either on the same lot or within 300 feet of the building it is intended to serve as measured from the nearest point of the building to the nearest point of the off-street parking lot. Ownership shall be shown of any lot or parcel intended for use as parking by the applicant.
(b) Residential off-street parking spaces shall consist of a driveway or garage or combination thereof and shall be located on the premises which they are intended to serve. Such parking shall be paved to provide at least two off-street parking spaces per dwelling unit. Parking shall be restricted to the paved areas.
(c) In multiple-family residential districts, off-street parking shall not be permitted in any required front yard. In any non-residential district, off-street parking shall not be permitted in any required front yard unless otherwise provided in this Zoning Code.
(d) Any area once designated as required off-street parking shall not be changed to any other use until equal facilities are provided elsewhere and reviewed by the Planning Commission and approved by the Township Board.
(e) Off-street parking existing on the effective date of this Zoning Code in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than hereinafter required for a similar new building or new use.
(f) Buildings containing one or more uses, and sites containing one or more buildings, shall provide parking spaces equal to not less than the sum of the number required for the buildings or uses as computed separately. Such parking spaces shall be located as near as possible to the uses which they are intended to serve.
(g) The dual function of off-street parking spaces, where operating hours of uses do not overlap, may be permitted after public hearing and approval of the Board of Appeals.
(h) The storage of merchandise, motor vehicles or trucks or the repair of vehicles is prohibited, except where permitted elsewhere in this Zoning Code.
(i) For those uses not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with the use which is similar in type.
(j) When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in the requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including one-half shall be disregarded, and fractions over one-half shall require one parking space.
(k) All parking areas, including driveway, drive aisles, and storage lots, shall be paved in accordance with Township standards.
(l) The minimum number of off-street parking spaces, by type of use, shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule:
Table 1.1 Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements | |
Land Use | Parking |
Table 1.1 Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements | |
Land Use | Parking |
Residential Uses | |
One-Family or Two-Family | 2 spaces/dwelling unit |
Residential Multiple Family | |
Multiple-Family (Efficiency, One- and Two- Bedroom Units) | 1 space/dwelling unit |
Multiple-Family (Three or More Bedroom Units) | 2 spaces/dwelling unit |
Site adjacent to Community House, Swimming Pool, Similar Use or within the site shall have 10% of the total required parking spaces for the overall site, unless otherwise permitted by the Planning Commission or Township Board. This provision shall also apply to manufactured home communities. | |
An additional 20% of the Total Required Parking Spaces shall be provided throughout the site for visitor parking, locations approved by the Planning Commission. | |
Elderly Housing | 1 space/two dwelling unit(s) and 1 space/employee *Additional reserve area for expansion parking if development reverts to general occupancy* |
Manufactured Home Park | 2 spaces/manufactured home site and 1 space/each 300 sq. ft. of management office space 1 space/3 manufactured home sites for visitor parking, locations approved by the Planning Commission and the Township Board. |
Institutional Uses | |
Churches or Temples | 1 space/3 seats or six feet of pews in the main unit of worship |
Hospitals | 1.5 space/bed and 1 space/employee (on largest working shift) *additionally reserved for doctors* |
Homes, Aged and Convalescent Homes | 1 space/2 beds and 1 space/2 employees on peak shift |
Parochial, Public Elementary and Junior High Schools | 1 space/teachers, employee or administrator *in addition to the requirements of the auditorium or multi-purpose room* |
Parochial, Public Senior High Schools | 1 space/teachers, employee or administrator and 1 space/10 students *in addition to the requirements of the auditorium or multi- purpose room* |
Private Clubs or Lodge Halls | 1 space/75 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Golf Course (open to general public, except miniature/par three courses) | 6 spaces/1 golf hole and 1 space/employee |
Fraternity or Sorority | 1 space/5 permitted active members or 1 space/2 beds (whichever is greater) |
Stadium, Sports Arena or Similar Outdoor Place of Assembly | 1 space/3 seats or six feet of benches |
Theaters | 5 spaces plus 1 space for each three seats (except that adult mini-theaters with fixed seats shall provide one for each two seats) |
Adult Mini Theaters (without fixed seats) | 1 space/person allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by the Fire Chief in accordance with the State of Michigan Fire Code |
Auditoriums | 1 space/3 seats |
Day Care Centers | 1 space/teacher and 8 spaces for drop off |
Business and Commercial | |
Planned Shopping Center and Retail Store | |
Less than 50,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/200 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Between 50,000 - 100,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/250 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Between 100,001 - 400,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/300 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
More than 400,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/350 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Retail Stores | |
Less than 50,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/200 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Between 50,000 - 100,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/250 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Between 100,001 - 400,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/300 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
More than 400,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/350 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Beauty Parlor and Barber Shop | 3 spaces/beauty or barber chair |
Bowling Establishments | 7 spaces/one bowling lane plus those required for auxiliary use, i.e. restaurant, lounge, billiard hall, etc. |
Roller Rinks or Skating Rinks, Exhibition Halls and Assembly Halls without fixed seats | 1 space/100 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Tennis and Racquet Clubs | 8 spaces/court plus those required for each auxiliary use, i.e. restaurant, exercise room, etc. |
Coin and/or Token-Operated Amusement Arcades, Billiard Halls or other similar indoor recreation uses | 1 space/100 sq. ft. of floor area |
Drive-In/Fast-Food Restaurants | 1 space/150 sq. ft. of gross floor area *if a drive-through is provided, the required number of spaces may be reduced by 10%* |
Drive-up or Carry-Out Restaurants | 1 space/150 sq. ft. of gross floor area or 10 spaces, whichever is greater |
Bar/Lounge or Bar/Restaurant | 1 space/150 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Dining-Room Restaurant | 1 space/150 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Banquet and Catering Halls | 1 space/100 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Furniture, Appliance and Household Equipment Showrooms and other similar uses | 1 space/800 sq. ft. of usable floor area, plus 1 space/2 employees |
Open Air Business (Including Used Car Lot) | 2 spaces plus 1 space/500 sq. ft. of sales area for the first 2,000 sq. ft. of sales area, plus 1 space/additional 2,000 sq. ft. of sales area |
Motor Vehicle Sales and Service Establishments | 1 space/200 sq. ft. of gross floor area of salesroom and 1 space/1 service stall in the service room |
Automotive Service Stations | 2 spaces/lubrication stall, rack or pit and 1 space/gasoline pump |
Auto Wash | 1 space/1 employee plus reservoir parking spaces in equal number to five times the maximum capacity of the auto wash for vehicles waiting entrance to the auto wash |
The maximum capacity of the auto wash shall mean the maximum number of vehicles which could be undergoing some phase of washing at any one time and shall be determined by dividing the length of each wash line by twenty. | |
Laundromats and Coin-Operated Dry Cleaners | 1 space/2 machines |
Miniature or Par Three Golf Courses | 3 spaces plus three for each hole |
Mortuary Establishments | 1 space/100 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Hotel, Motel or other Commercial Lodging Establishment | 1 space/1 occupancy unit plus 1 space/employee |
Automotive Service Centers | 2 spaces/service stall, rack or pit and 1 space/employee |
Automotive Service or Repair Garages | 4 spaces/service stall, rack or pit and 1 space/200 sq. ft. of gross floor area in the retail sales area (if applicable) |
Private or Public Athletic Clubs, Health Spas, Figure Salons | 1 space/100 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Offices | |
Banks | 1 space/300 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Business Office, Professional Offices or Medical Offices for Doctors, Dentists and Similar Professions as follows: | |
Less than 50,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/300 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Between 50,000 - 100,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/350 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Between 100,001 - 400,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/400 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
More than 400,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/450 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Industrial | |
Industrial, Technical Research, Wholesale and Warehousing Establishments | |
Less than 25,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/400 sq. ft. of useable floor area |
Between 25,000 - 50,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/500 sq. ft. of useable floor area |
More than 50,000 sq. ft. | 1 space/650 sq. ft. of useable floor area |
Mini Warehouses or Self Storage Facilities | 2 spaces plus 1 space/100 storage units |
(m) Wherever the off-street parking requirement requires the construction of an off- street parking facility, except for one-family residential developments, or where P Parking Districts are provided, such off-street parking lots shall be designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations:
(1) Off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with the following minimum requirements:
Parking Pattern (in degrees) | Maneuvering Lane Width (ft.) | Parking Space Width (ft.) | Parking Space Length (ft.) |
0 | 18 | 10 | 23 |
Parallel parking | |||
30 - 50 | 18 | 10 | 20 |
51 - 74 | 18 | 10 | 20 |
75 - 90 | 24 | 10 | 20 |
(2) All spaces shall be provided adequate access by means of maneuvering lanes. Backing directly onto a public right-of-way shall be prohibited.
(3) Adequate ingress and egress to a parking lot by means of clearly limited and defined drives shall be provided for all vehicles.
(4) Ingress and egress to a parking lot in an area zoned for other than one-family residential use shall not be across land zoned for one-family residential use.
(5) All maneuvering lane widths required in division (a)(1) hereof shall permit only one-way traffic movement, except that the 90 degree pattern may permit two-way traffic. However, a 24 foot maneuvering lane must be provided.
(6) Each entrance and exit to and from any off-street parking lot located in an area zoned for other than one-family residential use shall be at least 20 feet distant from any adjacent property located in any One-Family Residential District.
(7) Off-street parking areas shall be provided with a continuous and completely obscuring wall, in accordance with the specifications of Chapter 1294, on all sides where the adjacent district is a Residential District, except where such parking area abuts a major thoroughfare and except in those instances where the Planning Commission and the Township Board determine that such wall would serve no useful purpose or that a landscaped berm or greenbelt would be more appropriate.
(8) In all cases where a wall extends to any alley which is a means of ingress to or egress from an off-street parking area, the Planning Commission and the Township Board may permit the wall to end not more than ten feet from such alley line to provide for a wider means of access to the parking area.
(9) All parking areas shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of all surface water accumulated within the area in such a way as to not drain onto adjacent property or buildings. The off-street parking lot shall be surfaced within one year from the date on which the permit for the main building or use is issued and spaces shall be clearly identified or marked by means of a painted stripe and shall be properly maintained.
(10) Service drive widths in all nonresidential districts shall be no less than 24 feet for two-way traffic and 18 feet for one-way traffic, except for drive-through lanes servicing banks, fast-food restaurants, etc., which shall be no less than ten feet. For all Residential Districts, only two-way service drives, having a minimum width of 27 feet, shall be allowed.
(11) Except where otherwise stated, the minimum distance between parking areas and buildings in the RM Districts shall be 15 feet.
(12) In accordance with Act 230 of the Public Acts of 1972, as amended, all off-street parking facilities required in Section 1296.01 shall provide parking spaces for the physically handicapped in the ratio prescribed by statute. Such spaces shall be dimensioned 12 feet wide and 20 feet long, located as nearly as possible to building entranceways and identified by signs as being reserved for physically handicapped persons.
(n) The two off-street parking spaces required by Section 1296.01 for one-family residential developments shall be in accordance with the following minimum requirements:
(1) At least one space, a minimum of 20 feet in length, shall be provided in the side or rear yard which is beyond the front building line. Parking spaces shall be a minimum of nine feet in width.
(2) Each space shall be provided access from the adjoining right of way by a full paved lane a minimum of ten feet in width.
(Ord. Passed 10-30-23.)