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(A) The provisions of this subchapter are applicable to those districts which allow wind energy conversion systems (WECS), govern the siting of WECS and substations that generate electricity to be sold to wholesale or retail markets, or that generate electricity for private use.
(B) A reasonable attempt shall be made to notify all property owners within the defined area of the WECS project prior to making application for a WECS permit.
(C) Notification may be done by media, separate mailings, or through the public notice requirements prescribed by I.C. 5-3-1
, as amended from time to time. Said notice shall inform land owners of the intent to build any WECS and/or WECS Project.
(Prior Code § 153.089) (Ord. 2019-03, passed 5-7-2019)
(A) Nothing in this subchapter is intended to preempt other applicable state and federal laws or regulations, including compliance with all Federal Aviation Administration rules and regulations, and shall comply with the notification requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration.
(B) Nor are they intended to interfere with, repeal, or annul any other ordinance, rule, or regulation, statute, or other provision of law. In the event that any provision of these regulations imposes restrictions different from any other ordinance, rule, regulation, statute, or provision of law, the provisions that are more restrictive, or that imposes higher standards, shall govern.
(Prior Code § 153.089) (Ord. 2019-03, passed 5-7-2019)
(A) Location. Commercial, non-commercial, and micro WECS will be permitted, or not permitted, in various districts as stated in Table A in § 155.027.
(B) Height.
(1) Any non-commercial WECS towers or meteorological towers greater than 200 feet in height shall require a variance approval.
(2) For commercial WECS towers and operational support meteorological towers, the height shall not exceed 600 feet measured to the tip of the blade, if height limitations imposed by Federal Aviation Administration rules and regulations or the Department of Defense are stricter than this subchapter, those rules and regulations apply.
(3) Micro WECS towers shall be under 60 feet in height.
(C) Setback requirements.
(1) Minimum setback distances for commercial WECS towers.
Distance from a... | Minimum Setback Distance |
Distance from a... | Minimum Setback Distance |
Property line, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the property line. | 3 times the total height of the WECS tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point); provided that the distance is no less than 1,800 feet.² A WECS tower may be placed up to the property line, if a fully executed and recorded written waiver agreement is secured from the affected adjoining landowner.³ |
Residential dwellings, measured from the center of the WECS Tower to the nearest comer of the structure. | 3 times the total height of the WECS Tower, (where the blade tip is at its highest point), provided that the distance is no less than 1,800 feet. |
Public road right-of-way, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the edge of the right-of-way. | 3 times the total height of the WECS tower, (where the blade tip is at its highest point) provided the distance is no less than 1,800 feet. A WECS tower may be placed up to the public right-of-way, if a fully-executed and recorded written waiver agreement is secured from owner or whomever oversees the right-of-way. |
Other rights-of-way, such as railroads and public utility easements, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the edge of the right-of-way. | 3 times the total height of the WECS Tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point). A WECS tower may be placed up to the public right-of-way, if a fully-executed and recorded written waiver agreement is secured from owner or whomever oversees the right-of-way. |
State and federally owned public conservation lands measured from the center of the WECS tower to the nearest point of the public conservation land in question. | 3 times the total height of the WECS tower, (where the blade tip is at its highest point), provided that the distance is no less than 1,800 feet. A WECS tower may be placed up to the public right-of-way, if a fully-executed and recorded written waiver agreement is secured from the affected owners. |
Wetlands, as defined by the United States Army Corporation of Engineers, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the nearest point of the wetland in question. | As determined by a permit obtained from the Army Corps of Engineers. |
Wabash or Eel River measured from the center of the WECS tower to the shoreline. | One-half mile. |
Incorporated limits of a municipality, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the corporate limits. | One-half mile. |
Above-ground electric transmission line, measured from the center of the WECS tower. | 3 times the total height (where the blade tip is at its highest point). A WECS tower may be placed up to the public right-of-way, if a fully-executed and recorded written waiver agreement is secured from the affected owners. |
The setback for residential dwellings shall be no less than 1.5 times the total height of the WECS tower provided that the distance is no less than 1,000 feet of a COMMERCIAL WECS Tower, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the nearest corner of the structure, if on a participating property. ² The setback shall be measured from future public rights-of-way width if a planned public road improvement or expansion is known at the time of application. If future residential dwellings or buildable land splits occur near a WECS tower, they shall keep the 3 times the total height of the WECS or no less than 1,800-foot setback or a memorandum of understanding (MOU) must be signed, notarized, and recorded with the deed. |
(a) Commercial WECS power collection and transmission system.
1. WECS substation: For all substations, setbacks from property lines are waived if the affected adjoining landowners sharing the common property line are all participating landowners.
2. Poles: For all poles carrying overhead wiring connecting commercial WECS towers to a substation for connection to a utility’s electric transmission line, there are no setback requirements from property lines as long as the poles are located within a recorded easement for such purpose.
(2) (a)
Minimum setback distances for non-commercial and micro WECS towers.
Distance from a... | Minimum Setback Distance |
Distance from a... | Minimum Setback Distance |
Property line, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the property line. | 1.5 times the total height of the WECS tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point), provided that the distance is no less than the required yard setback prescribed for that district. |
Residential dwellings, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the nearest corner of the structure. | 1.5 times the total height of the WECS tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point). |
Public road right-of-way, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the edge of the right-of-way. | 1.5 times the total height of the WECS Tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point), provided that the distance is no less the required yard setback prescribed for that district.4 |
Other rights-of-way, such as railroads and public utility easements, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the edge of the right-of-way. | 1.5 times the total height of the WECS tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point), provided that the distance is no less than the required yard setback prescribed for that district. |
Public conservation lands, measured from the center of the WECS tower to the nearest point of the public conservation land in question. | 750 feet. |
Wetlands, as defined by the United States Army Corporation of Engineers, measured from the center of the WECS Tower to the nearest point of the wetland in question. | As determined by a permit obtained from the United States Army Corporation of Engineers. |
Wabash or Eel River measured from the center of the WECS tower to the shoreline. | One-half mile. |
Above-ground electric transmission lines, measured from the center of the WECS tower. | 1.5 times the total height of the WECS tower (where the blade tip is at its highest point). |
4 The setback shall be measured from future public rights-of-way width if a planned public road improvement or expansion is known at the time of application. |
(b) Horizontal extension for non-commercial and micro WECS: The furthest horizontal extension (including guy wires) shall not extend into a required setback by the zoning district or be closer than 12 feet to any primary structure, or public right-of-way easement for any above-ground telephone, electric transmission, or distribution lines.
(3) (a) Minimum setback distances for all meteorological towers.
Distance from a... | Minimum Setback Distance |
Property line, measured from the center of the meteorological tower to the property line. | 1.5 times the total height of the Meteorological Tower, provided that the distance is no less than the required yard setback. A WECS tower may be placed up to the property line, if a fully executed and recorded written waiver agreement is secured from the affected adjoining landowner. |
Residential dwellings, measured from the center of the meteorological tower to the nearest comer of the structure. | 1.5 times the total height of the meteorological tower. |
Public road right-of-way, measured from the center of the meteorological tower to the edge of the right-of-way. | 1.5 times the total height of the meteorological tower, provided that the distance is no less than the required yard setback.5 |
Other rights-of-way, such as railroads and public utility easements, measured from the center of the meteorological tower to the edge of the right-of-way. | 1.5 times the total height of the meteorological tower, provided that the distance is no less than the required yard setback. |
5 The setback shall be measured from future public rights-of-way width if a planned public road improvement or expansion is known at the time of application. |
(b) Horizontal extension for all meteorological towers: The furthest horizontal extension (including guy wires) shall not extend into a required setback by the zoning district or be closer than 12 feet to any primary structure, or public right-of-way easement for any above-ground telephone, electric transmission, or distribution lines.
(Prior Code § 153.089) (Ord. 2019-03, passed 5-7-2019; Ord. 2021-05, passed 6-21-2021)
(A) Equipment type.
(1) Turbines: All turbines shall be constructed of commercially available equipment.
(2) Meteorological towers: All meteorological towers may be guyed.
(3) Experimental, or proto-type equipment: Experimental or proto-type equipment still in testing which does not fully comply with industry standards may be approved by the Board of Zoning Appeals per the variance process established by this subchapter.
(B) Industry standards and other regulations. All WECS shall conform to applicable industry standards, as well as all local, state, and federal regulations. An applicant shall submit certificate(s) of design compliance that wind turbine manufacturers have obtained from Underwriters Laboratories, Det Norske Veritas, Germanishcher Lloyed Wind Energie, or an equivalent third party.
(C) Controls and brakes.
(1) Braking system: All WECS Towers shall be equipped with a redundant braking system. This includes both aerodynamic over speed controls (including variable pitch, tip, and other similar systems) and mechanical brakes. Stall regulation shall not be considered a sufficient braking system for over speed protection.
(2) Operation mode: All mechanical brakes shall be operated in a fail-safe mode.
(D) Electrical components.
(1) Standards: All electrical components of all WECS shall conform to applicable local, state, and national codes, and any relevant national standards. Cables or lines in fields shall be buried and trenched. Trenching depth shall be determined in the road use and drainage agreements.
(2) Collection cables: All electrical collection cables between each WECS tower shall be located underground wherever possible.
(3) Transmission lines: All transmission lines that are buried should be at a depth consistent with, or greater than, local utility and telecommunication underground lines standards, or as negotiated with the land owner, or the land owner’s designee, until the same reach the property line, or a substation adjacent to the property line.
(E) Color and finish. In addition to all applicable Federal Aviation Administration requirements, this division (E) shall also apply.
(1) Wind turbines and towers: All wind turbines and towers that are part of a WECS shall be white, gray, or another non-obtrusive color.
(2) Blades: All blades shall be white, gray, or another non-obtrusive color. Blades may be black in order to facilitate deicing.
(3) Finishes: Finishes shall be matte or non-reflective.
(4) Exceptions: Exception may be made for all meteorological towers, where concerns exist relative to aerial spray applicators.
(F) Warnings.
(1) The following notices shall be posted for all commercial WECS:
(a) A sign or signs shall be posted on the pad-mounted transformer and the substation(s) warning of high voltage;
(b) Private roads providing access to commercial WECS shall have posted an Emergency 911 address road sign; and
(c) A sign shall be posted on the WECS tower listing an emergency telephone number.
(2) For all guyed towers, one of the following warning mechanisms shall be used for each anchor point:
(a) Visible and reflective objects, such as flags, plastic sleeves, reflectors, or tape placed on the anchor points of guy wires and along the innermost guy wires up to eight feet above the ground; and
(b) Visible fencing not less than four feet in height installed around anchor points of guy wires.
(3) The following notices shall be clearly visible on all non-commercial WECS and micro WECS towers and accessory facilities:
(a) “No Trespassing” signs shall be attached to any perimeter fence;
(b) “Danger” signs shall be posted at the height of five feet on WECS towers and accessory structures;
(c) A sign shall be posted on the WECS tower showing an emergency telephone number; and
(d) The manual electrical and/or over speed shutdown disconnect switch(es) shall be clearly labeled.
(4) Consideration shall be given to paint aviation warnings as required by the Federal Aviation Administration on all meteorological towers.
(G) Climb prevention. All Commercial WECS tower designs shall include features to deter climbing or be protected by anti-climbing devices, such as:
(1) Fences with locking portals at least six feet in height;
(2) Anti-climbing devices 15 feet vertically from the base of the WECS tower; or
(3) Locked WECS tower doors.
(H) Blade clearance.
(1) The minimum distance between the ground and any protruding blades(s) utilized on all commercial WECS towers shall be 25 feet, as measured at the lowest point of the arc of the blades.
(2) The minimum distance between the ground and any protruding blade(s) utilized on all Non-commercial or micro WECS towers shall be a minimum of 15 feet, as measured at the lowest point of the arc of the blades, provided the rotor blade does not exceed 20 feet in diameter. In either instance, the minimum distance shall be increased as necessary to provide for vehicle clearance in locations where over-sized vehicles might travel.
(I) Lighting.
(1) Intensity and frequency: All lighting, including lighting intensity and frequency of strobe, shall adhere to, but not exceed, requirements established by Federal Aviation Administration permits and regulations.
(2) Shielding: Except with respect to lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration, lighting may require shielding so that no glare extends substantially beyond any WECS tower.
(J) Materials handling, storage, and disposal.
(1) Solid wastes. All solid wastes, whether generated from supplies, equipment, parts, packaging, operation, or maintenance of the WECS, including old parts and equipment related to the construction, operation, and/or maintenance of the WECS, shall be removed from the site promptly and disposed of in accordance with all federal, state, and local laws.
(2) Hazardous materials. All hazardous materials or waste related to the construction, operation, and/or maintenance of any WECS shall be handled, stored, transported, and disposed of in accordance with all applicable local, state, and federal laws.
(K) Anti-icing technology. A utility-grade wind turbine system shall utilize best industry accepted standards for protecting against shedding of significant pieces of ice capable of damaging nearby buildings, public roads, railroads, or above-ground utilities.
(L) Top soil preservation plan. There shall be an installation plan approved by the Zoning Administrator that adequately preserved and provides for the restoration of topsoil for all staging and construction activities.
(Prior Code § 153.089) (Ord. 2019-03, passed 5-7-2019)
(A) Guyed wire anchors. No guyed wire anchors shall be allowed within any required public road right-of-way setback.
(B) Sewer and water. All facilities or structures that are part of the WECS project shall comply with the existing septic and well regulations as required by the County Health Department and/or the State Department of Public Health.
(C) Noise and vibration. The noise level of non-commercial WECS shall be no greater than 60 decibels measured from the nearest property line. Commercial WECS shall be no greater than 60 decibels for a non-participating property measured from the nearest property line. This level may only be exceeded during short term events such as utility outages and/or severe wind storms. All other noise and vibration levels shall be in compliance with all county, state, and federal regulations. All noise concerns shall be documented, and mitigation will be determined by the Board of County Commissioners and consulted with the Wind Company.
(D) Utility interconnection. The WECS, if interconnected to a utility system, shall meet the requirements for interconnection and operate as prescribed by the applicable regulations of the electrical utility, as amended from time to time.
(E) Signage. All signs pertaining to a WECS project must comply with § 155.094, with the following exceptions:
(1) Surface area. No sign shall exceed 16 square feet in surface area;
(2) Height. No sign shall exceed eight feet in height;
(3) Manufacturer’s or owner’s company name and/or logo. The manufacturers or owner’s company name and/or logo may be placed upon the compartment containing the electrical equipment;
(4) Development signs. An identification sign relating to the WECS project development may be located on each side of the total WECS project area; provided that there are no more than four signs located on any one WECS project site; and
(5) Other signs and logos. No other advertising signs or logos shall be placed or painted on any structure or facility that is part of the WECS Project.
(F) Feeder lines. Feeder lines installed as part of any WECS shall not be considered an essential service. All communications and feeder lines installed as part of any WECS shall be buried underground wherever possible.
(G) Other appurtenances. No appurtenances other than those associated with the WECS construction, operations, maintenance, decommissioning/removal, and permit requirements shall be connected to any WECS Tower except with express, written permission by the Board of Zoning Appeals.
(H) Flicker. There shall be no more than 30 minutes a day and no more than 30 hours a year on a residential structure. All flicker concerns shall be documented, and mitigation will be determined by the Board of County Commissioners and consulted with the Wind Company. Mitigation may even entail stopping the WECS towers rotation during hours of documented flicker.
(Prior Code § 153.089) (Ord. 2019-03, passed 5-7-2019) Penalty, see § 155.999
(A) Physical modifications. In general, any physical modification to any WECS that alters the mechanical load, mechanical load path, or major electrical components shall require re-certification. Like-kind replacements shall not require re-certification. Therefore, prior to making any physical modification, the owner or operator shall discuss with the Planning Department and Building Commissioner to determine whether the physical modification requires re-certification.
(B) Interference. Prior to construction, a communications study to minimize interference with public or public serving utility microwave transmissions, Airports, and Air Reserve Bases shall be completed. If necessary, the applicant, owner, and/or operator shall mitigate interference with electromagnetic communications, such as radio, telephone, microwaves, or television signals caused by any WECS. In addition, the applicant, owner, and/or operator shall comply with the following:
(1) Pre-construction. The applicant shall complete a communications study prior to construction so as to minimize interference with any public or public serving utility microwave transmissions;
(2) Post-construction. If, after construction of the WECS, the owner or operator receives a written complaint related to interference with the broadcast of residential television, telecommunication, communication, or microwave transmissions, airport, or Air Reserve Base, the owner or operator shall take reasonable steps to mitigate said interference. Interference with private telecommunications systems such as GPS shall be between the company and the complainant; and
(3) Failure to remedy a complaint. If an agreement to remedy a known interference is not reached within 90 days, appropriate action will be taken, which may result in requiring the WECS to become inactive. This does not apply to interference with private telecommunications systems.
(C) Maintenance records. At least annually, the operator of the Commercial WECS will provide to the Planning Department a letter certifying that all required and periodic maintenance has been performed during a particular calendar year and that the WECS is operating safely and efficiently.
(1) Certification. Should the Planning Department not receive such annual certification, the Planning Department will send a notice to the WECWS operator requesting the certification letter within 30 day.
(2) Inspection. If, after the 30 days, the Planning Department has not received the required maintenance certification, then the Planning Department may hire, at the WECS Operator’s expense, a qualified inspector to perform an inspection of the WECS System.
(D) Declaration of public nuisance. Any WECS thereof declared to be unsafe by the County Building Commissioner by reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, damage, or abandonment is hereby declared to be a public nuisance and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition, or removal in accordance with the approved Decommissioning Plan.
(Prior Code § 153.089) (Ord. 2019-03, passed 5-7-2019)
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