All driveways, parking areas, curbs, and bumper guards shall be constructed in accordance with standards established by the City Engineer and the following:
(a) Paving. All parking and loading areas and access drives shall have a bituminous, concrete or similar hard surface approved by the City Engineer. Such paving material, and base materials related thereto, shall be capable of supporting all anticipated loads without damage. The owner shall, at his/her own expense, maintain the surface in a smooth and dust-free condition and repair any disintegration of the surface by patching or sealing when such disintegration takes place.
(b) Drainage. Parking areas shall be graded, drained and provided with adequate drainage facilities so that adjacent properties and rights-of-way, including public sidewalks, shall not be subject to flooding by run-off water from the proposed parking area.
(c) Illumination in Open Areas. Parking areas shall be illuminated whenever necessary to protect the public safety. All lighting used to illuminate such areas shall be so arranged as to direct the light away from adjoining residential properties and streets, and shall not be of excessive brightness or cause a glare hazardous to pedestrians or drivers.
(d) Curbs and Wheel/Bumper Guards. Appropriate bumper guards or barrier curbs shall be provided in order to define parking spaces or limits of paved areas, contain the cars on sloping surfaces, and to prevent bumper over-hang or other encroachment into required yards, walkways, aisles or spaces.
(e) Marking. Any off-street parking area for 5 or more parking spaces shall indicate the location of each parking space, the location of spaces for persons with disabilities, and the location and direction or movement along the aisles and access drives providing access thereto by painting upon the surface, by raised directional signs, or by markers or other similar measures placed in the surface.
(f) Signs. Signs shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 1163.
(g) Maintenance. A parking area or loading space shall be maintained in a manner to keep it as free as practicable from rubbish, paper and other loose particles, and snow and ice shall be promptly removed by the operator. All adjacent sidewalks shall be kept free from dirt, ice, sleet and snow and in a safe condition for use by pedestrians. All signs, markers or any other methods used to indicate direction of traffic movement and location of parking and/or loading spaces shall be maintained in a neat and legible condition. Any walls, trees and shrubbery, as well as surfacing of the parking lot, shall be maintained in good condition throughout its use for parking purposes.
(h) Storage. All off-street parking areas for nonresidential uses shall not be used for the continuous storage of a vehicle for more than 48 hours, except where expressly permitted in this Zoning Code as accessory to the principal use of the lot.