The design/construction/use of parking areas shall conform to the following requirements.
(A) Single family dwelling in R-1 or R-2 Districts.
(1) Provisions shall be made for at least one usable off-street parking space for each single-family dwelling in R-1 and R-2.
(2) The parking space shall be a minimum of 162 square feet excluding the use of a sidewalk and outlawn area. Exceptions shall be made by the Zoning Administrator when a dwelling is on an historically small city lot and lot space is not readily available.
(3) No commercial repair work, commercial servicing or selling of any kind except for periodic garage or yard sales shall be conducted on parking areas in R-1 and R-2 Districts.
(4) Parking in residential zones is permitted only as an accessory use.
(B) Two-family dwellings. For two-family dwellings, minimal parking provided shall be two spaces of 162 square feet each. Parking space may be subject to shared access described for Multi-Family R-3, Business and Industrial.
(C) Multi-Family R-3, Business and Industrial.
(1) Parking spaces shall be a minimum of ten feet by 20 feet in size. The length of the space may be 18 feet if curbs or bumpers are designed to define one end of the parking space. Handicapped spaces must comply with the current Michigan Building Code.
(2) There shall be a curb or curb stop provided wherever an off-street parking and loading area adjoins a public sidewalk, right-of-way or adjoining property line. The curb or curb stop shall be designed to prevent any portion of a vehicle from encroaching upon the sidewalk, right-of-way or adjoining property.
(3) Any lighting used to illuminate any off-street parking and loading areas shall conform to the lighting ordinance section.
(4) Each off-street parking driveway opening to a public street must be approved by the agency having jurisdiction over the street following site plan review by the Planning Commission. Lanes for entering and exiting traffic shall be clearly marked on the pavement. Each driveway shall intersect a public street at a 90-degree angle.
(5) Each off-street parking driveway shall include an on-site stacking area that does not function as an access aisle for parking spaces, equivalent to at least 5% of the spaces in the parking area.
(6) All off-street parking driveways shall have a clear vision area unobstructed by accessory structures or plantings, within 20 feet of any public street right-of-way, for a sight distance of 50 feet along the near edge of the pavement in either direction.
(7) Except for parallel parking, all parking spaces shall be clearly marked with striping that shall be maintained.
(8) Landscaping regulations apply to parking areas of 100 spaces or more. Off-street parking shall be permitted to occupy required front, side and rear yards after approval of the parking plan layout, provided that there shall be maintained a minimum landscaped setback of ten feet between the nearest point of the off-street parking area, exclusive of access driveways and the nearest right-of-way line.
(9) Off-street parking areas shall be effectively screened on any side that abuts a residentially zoned district or institutional use, by a screening of evergreen hedge or other natural landscaping. If the owners of adjacent residential properties request, in writing, this screening shall be done by a solid uniformly painted fence or wall not less than four or more than six feet in height and maintained in good condition. In all cases, the screening shall comply with the need for a clear vision area.
(10) Maneuvering lanes to and from a parking area shall be paved. Access drives are not part of the required parking area. Design and construction of access drives must be reviewed and approved by the city staff and be designed in accordance with the following standards.
Parking Pattern | Maneuvering Lane Width | Min. parking space width1 | Min. parking space length2 |
Total width 2 tiers of spaces plus maneuvering lane | ||
One-way | Two-way
|
One-way | Two-way | |||
Parking Pattern | Maneuvering Lane Width | Min. parking space width1 | Min. parking space length2 |
Total width 2 tiers of spaces plus maneuvering lane | ||
One-way | Two-way
|
One-way | Two-way | |||
0 degree (parallel parking) | 11 ft. | 18 ft. | 8 ft. 6 in. | 25 ft. | 28 ft. | 35 ft. |
30-50 degrees | 12 ft. | 20 ft. | 9 ft. | 21 ft. | 54 ft. | 62 ft. |
54-70 degrees | 13 ft. | 24 ft. | 9 ft. | 21 ft. | 55 ft. | 66 ft. |
75-90 degrees | 15 ft. | 26 ft. | 9 ft. 6 in. | 20 ft. | 55 ft. | 66 ft. |
1- Measured perpendicular to the longitudinal space centerline | ||||||
2- Measured along the longitudinal space centerline | ||||||
(11) For properties that have employees, employee parking shall consist of one parking space for every one employee on the largest shift and handicapped parking shall be required.
(12) Parking surface: all parking shall be on an approved paved surface with the exception of parking for campgrounds, RV parks, cemeteries, parks and other outdoor recreational areas.
(13) In the case of multiple uses of a single structure, the following calculations may be applied by the Planning Commission for determining off-street requirements. The Planning Commission shall have the power to reduce parking further in the case of shared drives, shared parking or other circumstances where a reduction in parking will contribute to safety, function or the overall site design.
(a) For two uses per structure, the parking required may be 80% of the parking required for the two uses calculated individually.
(b) For three uses: 75%.
(c) For four uses: 70%.
(d) For five uses: 65%.
(14) In no case shall less than 65% be allowed.
(D) Shared access. The Planning Commission must require shared access between and among uses where feasible, excluding single-family residential uses.
(1) Feasibility is determined with respect to the physical design of the site and not the effort or costs involved with achieving joint access.
(2) This requirement applies to driveways and access drives associated with site redevelopment or new construction.
(3) In the case of new development, a joint driveway agreement must be signed by all property owners involved prior to a construction permit being issued.
(4) Driveways must be designed to allow joint access in the future, where feasible, and an agreement to allow future use of the drive for joint access must be signed at the time of site plan approval.
(5) Shared drives must be shown on site plans at the time of review by the Planning Commission.
(6) Refusal to design a site with provisions for joint access or refusal to participate in a joint access agreement is justification for site plan denial by the Planning Commission.
(E) Driveway closure. Nonconforming driveways, per this chapter, shall be made to be less nonconforming at the time a site is redeveloped. Lessening the degree of driveway nonconformance may include the Planning Commission requiring closing a driveway or combining driveways or access points at the time of site plan review.
(F) Occupancy.
(1) The occupancy of a building or any part of a building shall not change it from one use to a use in another classification unless the minimum parking requirements are provided for the new use.
(2) No building shall be enlarged if the enlargement requires additional parking space, unless the minimum requirements for off-street parking are provided.
(G) Parking spaces. Parking spaces may count toward the requirement for a parcel if they are located on it or on an adjoining parcel where the farthest space is not over 500 feet from the nearest public entrance to the principal building, with a continuous paved walkway between the lot and entrance.
(Ord. passed 11-2-2005)